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350 Cable Survey System
DPN 402197 © TSS (International) Ltd Page 6 of 18
D.3.1.1 Speed of Sound
The altimeter uses a high accuracy timer to measure the flight time of an acoustic
pulse. The timer is accurate to 1µs, (0.74mm @1480metres/second), which is the
speed of sound, (SOS), default value, however this speed of sound value is depend-
ent on many factors and requires an accurate “VP” meter or CTD instrument to deter-
mine the exact value during the operation, (see figure D–4).
Figure D–4: Speed of Sound meter
The change in SOS is mainly due to temperature where a change of ±1ºC in sea
water temperature causes a change of approximately ± (0.0018 X SOS) metres/sec-
ond, e.g. a SOS measurement taken at 10ºC is 1480m/s but would change to
~1506.64m/s at 20ºC. Note: this is a very approximate calculation and is included
only to demonstrate the effect that temperature has on VP.
The SOS is also affected, to a lesser extent, by changes in salinity and depth. There
are many different formulae for calculating SOS; for more information consult one of
the many books on this subject for example Robert J.Urick’s “Principles of Underwa-
ter Sound”.
The Altimeter temperature reading is not used in the SOS calculation. The default
SOS is 1480m/s; if a different value is required simply apply a correction to the serial
output as follows: (SOS/1480) x Range reading.
D.3.1.2 Terminology
There are many acoustic terms associated with underwater acoustics and associated
technology; here are just some of them:
❐ Sonar Equation: The transmitter sound source should be greater than all the
losses due to range, reflector, and sea water absorption plus the threshold value
required at the receiver. The altimeter is designed for losses over 30 metres.
❐ Transducer: Converts electrical energy into sound or sound into electrical energy.
This is housed within the potting compound of the altimeter.
❐ Transducer beam width: The area of sound when plotted to the half power point in
front of the transducer. This applies both to transmit and receive modes.
❐ VP: Velocity of propagation or speed of sound
- Cable Survey System 1
- System Manual 1
- GLOSSARY 13
- AMENDMENTS 14
- 1 INTRODUCTION 16
- 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 20
- 1.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 21
- 1.3 QUICK START FOR SDC USERS 22
- 1.4 WARRANTY 22
- 2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 24
- 2.1 SCOPE OF DELIVERY 25
- 2.2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 27
- 2.3 SURFACE COMPONENTS 28
- Figure 2–3: SDC Display 29
- Figure 2–4: SDC PC Console 29
- 2.4 SUB-SEA COMPONENTS 32
- 2.4.1 Sub-sea Electronics Pod 32
- ❐ Power/comms 33
- ❐ Altimeter 33
- ❐ Aux Output 33
- ❐ Sensor 33
- 2.4.2 Sensing Coils 34
- 2.4.3 Altimeter 36
- ❐ Tracked ROVs or crawlers 37
- ❐ Trenching ploughs 37
- ❐ Towed sleds 37
- 3 PHYSICAL INSTALLATION 38
- 3.1 SDC INSTALLATION 39
- 3.2 SUB-SEA INSTALLATION 40
- 3.2.1 SEP 40
- 3.2.2 Sensing Coils 42
- 3.2.2.1 Assembling the Coils 43
- 3.2.2.2 Mounting the Coils 46
- 3.2.3 Altimeter Installation 48
- 3.3 INSTALLATION CHECK LIST 50
- 4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 52
- 4.1 SUB-SEA COMPONENTS 53
- 4.1.1 Ground Connections 54
- 4.1.3 Sub-sea Electronics Pod 55
- 4.1.3.1 Power Requirement 56
- 4.1.4 Sensing Coils 58
- 4.1.5 Sub-sea Altimeter 59
- 4.1.5.2 Connection to the SDC 60
- 4.1.6 Roll/Pitch Sensor 61
- 4.2 SURFACE DISPLAY COMPUTER 62
- 4.2.1 Power Connection 62
- 4.2.4 Interface to Video 68
- 5 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 70
- 5.1 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 71
- 5.2 POWER-ON PROCEDURE 72
- 5.3.1 SEP type 74
- 5.3.2 Communication ports 75
- 5.4 PRINT CONFIGURATION 77
- 5 – System Configuration 78
- 6 OPERATION SOFTWARE 80
- ONFIGURATION 81
- 6 – Operation software 84
- 6.2.1.2 Run/ Display screen 87
- the centre line. Measure 89
- ❐ Communication status 90
- ❐ System time 90
- ❐ System errors 90
- 6.2.1.3 Forward Search Screen 91
- 6.2.1.4 Other Windows 93
- ❐Yellow indicates an event 95
- 6.2.1.5 Configuration Options 97
- 6.2.2 Survey Parameters 97
- 6.2.2.1 Altimeter 99
- 6.2.2.2 External Data Logging 101
- 6.2.2.3 Load Factory Defaults 102
- 6.2.2.4 Video Overlay Setup 102
- 350 Cable Survey System 105
- 6.3 AFTER THE DIVE 107
- 6.4 REPLAYING A LOG FILE 108
- 6.5 QUALITY CONTROL 110
- 7 OPERATING PROCEDURE 112
- 7.1 BEFORE THE SURVEY 113
- 7.1.2 Tone Frequency 114
- 7.1.3 Survey Requirements 114
- 7.2 DURING THE SURVEY 115
- 7.2.2 Data Logging 117
- 7.2.3 Replay Logged Data 118
- 7.3 DATA FORMATS 119
- 7.3.1 External Logging Format 119
- 7.3.1.2 Forward Search mode 121
- ❐The target is out of range 122
- 7.3.2 Internal Logging Format 123
- 7.3.3 Altimeter Data Format 125
- 7.3.3.3 Simrad UK90 127
- 7.4 AFTER THE SURVEY 130
- 7.5.1 Operating Performance 131
- 7.5.2 Sources of Error 132
- 7.5.2.1 ROV Handling 132
- Figure 7–3: ROV roll errors 134
- Figure 7–4: Sloping target 136
- ❐ Changes of ROV heading 137
- ❐ Acoustic noise 137
- Figure 7–5: Curved target 139
- 7.6 ROVS 140
- 7.6.1 Speed of Operation 140
- 7.6.3 Tracked ROV 140
- 8 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 142
- 8.1 SPECIFICATIONS 143
- 8 – System Specifications 144
- 8.1.2 Sub-sea Electronics Pod 145
- 8.1.3 Search Coil Array 145
- 8.2 PERFORMANCE 146
- 8.3 SYSTEM TRIALS 147
- 8.3.2 Results 149
- 8.3.2.1 Accuracy 149
- 8.4 UPDATE RATE 150
- 9 MAINTENANCE 152
- 9.1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 153
- 9.1.1 Sensing Coils 154
- 9.1.2 Sub-sea Electronics Pod 155
- 9.1.2.2 Processor Board 156
- 9.1.2.3 Power Supply 158
- 9.1.3 Current Loop 158
- Page 8 of 26 159
- 9.2.2 Sub-sea Electronics Pod 160
- ❐ A 2.5mm hexagonal key 161
- Processor Board 162
- ADC Board 163
- 9.2.3 Coil Cable Continuity 166
- 9.3 FAULT IDENTIFICATION 167
- 9 – Maintenance 168
- 9.3.2 Communications Failure 169
- Page 20 of 26 171
- 9.3.4 Altimeter Failure 173
- Page 24 of 26 175
- Page 26 of 26 177
- 10 SYSTEM DRAWINGS 178
- 10 – System Drawings 180
- A OPERATING THEORY 192
- A.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 193
- A.2 FIELD DETECTION 193
- A.3 SIGNAL ISOLATION 194
- A.4 CALCULATION 195
- A.4.1 Survey Mode 196
- A.4.2 Forward Search Mode 198
- A.4.3 Skew Measurement 199
- B OPTIONS 202
- B.1 DUALTRACK SYSTEM 203
- B.1.1 The Equipment 203
- B.1.2 The Differences 204
- B.1.3 Scope of Delivery 205
- B.1.4 Physical Installation 207
- B.1.4.1 Search-coils 207
- B.1.4.2 Sub-sea Pods 207
- B.1.5 Electrical Connection 208
- B.1.5.1 System Configuration 210
- B.1.5.2 System Operation 211
- B.2 TRAINING 212
- C CABLES AND TONES 214
- C.1 TONE INJECTION 215
- C.1.1 Frequency Selection 215
- C.1.2 Connection to the cable 215
- C.1.2.1 Short cables 215
- C.1.2.2 Long cables 216
- C.1.2.3 Fibre-optic Cables 216
- C.1.3 Seawater Return Path 217
- D ALTIMETER 218
- D.2 INSTALLATION 219
- D.2.1 Electrical Connection 219
- D.2.2 Serial Output 219
- D.2.3 Mounting 220
- D.2.4 Maintenance 221
- D.2.5 Test in Air 221
- D.2.6 Internal Settings 221
- D.3 THEORY OF OPERATION 222
- D.3.1 Operating Principles 222
- D.3.1.1 Speed of Sound 223
- D.3.1.2 Terminology 223
- D.3.1.3 Propagation Loss 224
- D.3.1.4 Limitations 224
- D.3.2 Technical Description 225
- D.3.2.1 Power Supply 225
- D.3.2.2 Transmitter 226
- D.3.2.3 Receiver 226
- D.3.2.4 Sensor Circuitry 227
- D.3.2.5 Digital Circuitry 227
- D.3.2.6 Averaging Algorithm 228
- D.3.2.7 Optional Modem 228
- D.4 PART NUMBERS 228
- D.5 DRAWINGS 229
- D – ALTIMETER 230
- E COIL TESTER 236
- E.1 PRE-OPERATION 238
- E.2 OPERATION 240
- E.2.1 Frequency Selection 242
- E.3 FAULT IDENTIFICATION 243
- E.4 BATTERY REPLACEMENT 243
- E.5 MAINTENANCE 244
- E.6 SPECIFICATION 244
- F REFERENCE 246
- F.1 SURVEY DETAILS 248
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